发布时间:2015-10-20 来源：东亚西文情境英语 点击：2280
Sight Words FAQ
Question 1
What is Sight Words? 什么是常用词?
- 是孩子初期阅读物中出现频率高的单词。包含了不少抽象意义的介词和代词，例如:for、to、he、it 等。
- 常用词的特性除了“高频率”之外，对于以非英文为母语的孩子来说，还有“较不符合字母拼读法(Phonics)发音规则”以及“中文解释较困难，混杂文法变化”等特性。
Question 2
Why Sight Words are essential?常用词为什么重要?
- 大部分的Sight words“常用词"，并未依循字母拼读原则，但确是帮助孩子顺利进入独立阅读的关键。
- 帮助提高孩子的阅读流利度(reading fluency)。
Question 3
Why teaching Sight Words? 为什么要教常用词?
- 常用词是协助孩子顺畅阅读的关键。
- 常用词与字母拼读法(Phonics)一同建立孩子独立阅读的能力。
- 克服不规则字母拼读法(Phonics)的限制，让孩子见词念词，为将来的“背单词”打下基础。
- 将常用词与句子结合，会使常用词学习更有意义，灵活运用常用词及句型，为英文写作铺路。
内容简介:Sight words 就是儿童阅读初级的常用词，共有220个词，是由美国学者E.W.Dolch在二次世界大战之前，针对英语儿童读物做了分析，统计后，所整理出最常被使用的220个词，分成五个levels,所以这220个字被称为Dolch Sight Words。另外Dolch亦列出童书中最常出现的95个名词:Dolch Nouns来搭配sight words学习，对初阶英语学习者是不可缺的基础。
为什么在孩子初学英语进入阅读阶段，需要特别教sight words呢?如果孩子在阅读单句前，在十个字中已能读出其中的七，八个字，其余的再利用phonics拼读法试着读出，再结合读本中提供的图片以及前后文，做文意之猜测与理解，那么，基本上，孩子就踏出英语阅读的第一步了。
Sight words在孩子早期阅读的书本中就占了60%~85%.也就是说，在指导孩子阅读之前，若能先带入sight words,英语教学的过程就会更顺利。尤其是一些特别着墨于sight words认识的读本，更会不自觉地培育出孩子地阅读能力，也带出了孩子的阅读兴趣。美国知名作家Dr.seuss大概是将sight words发挥到最淋漓尽致的一位儿童文学作家，他最有名的一本儿童读本The Cat in the Hat还被拍成电影《魔法灵猫》，读本中简单的用词加上有趣的故事内容，甚至连一般初学英语者，只要具备sight words能力，便能轻而易举地享受阅读的乐趣，在此引用书中之部分内容:
The sun did not shine.
It was too wet to play.
Sowe sat in the house.
文中除了书底线的字外，其余都是sight words!若孩子在阅读中，可以快速地认出这些字，除了让阅读更顺畅，理解更完整外，孩子亦不会因为太多生字而放弃阅读。
以下，还有一些知名儿童英语读本里 sight words 在文中所占的比例:
87% - Green Eggs and Ham by Dr.Seuss
78% - Go,Dog.Go! by P.D.Eastman
78% - Are You My Mother? by P.D.Eastman
82% - I Want to Be Somebody New! by Robert Lopshire
83% - A Fly Went By! by Mike McClintock
78% - The Cat in the Hat by Dr.Seuss
81% - The Cat in the Hat Comes Back by Dr.Seuss
75% - One fish two fish red fish blue fish by Dr.Seuss
以上所举的例子，不管是儿童英语读本，绘本，歌谣或是西洋流行歌曲，都可以看出sight words所占的份量以及扮演的角色实不容轻忽。
以下这部分词汇在英语母语的学校教育中是小学三年级必须要完成的内容，而这些确是中国的英语教学中缺失的部分;
220个词汇总结:按照北美学校的英语教育分级，词汇由易到难列明如下:
Pre-primer(学前):
a and away big blue can come down find for funny go help here hers I in is it jump little look make me my not one play red run said see the three to two up we where yellow you
Primer(初级):
all am are at ate be black brown but came did do eat four get good have he into like must new no now on our out please pretty ran ride saw say she so soon that there they this too under want was well went what white who will with yes
Grade One(一年级):
after again an any ask as by could every fly from give going had has her him his how just know let live may of old once open over put round some stop take thank them then think walk were when
Grade Two(二年级):
always around because been before best both buy call cold does don’t fast first five found gave goes green its made many off or pull read right sing sit sleep tell their these those upon us use very wash which wish work would write your
Grade There(三年级):
about better bring carry clean cut done draw drink eight fall far full got grow hold hot hurt if keep kind laugh light long much myself never only own pick seven shall show six small start ten today together try warm
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